Chile : Activities : White Water Kayak

Introduction
Basic Aspects
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The type of kayaking you practice depends on personal expectation and choice. Just like preferences differ, kayak sizes and models vary according to the demands presented by each kind of environment.

History

The origin of kayaking can be traced back five hundred years to Greenland and the Aleutian archipelago, where the Eskimos built them from seal skin extended over a frame made of wood or deer bone. Originally, kayaks were created for fishing and hunting as well as sea travel. Nowadays, kayaks are used primarily for leisure and sport.

The British were the first to discover the Eskimo kayak and they brought it to Europe towards the end of the 19th century (1890). Since then the kayak's shape, size and material has continued to evolve up to its present-day form and appearance. All the current models are variations and improvements on the original kayak used by the Eskimos at sea.

Kayaking in Chile

The rivers of Chile are considered world class for "white water" enthusiasts, and are superb both for rafting and kayaking. The rivers that are recognized on a national and international level are the Bio-Bio and the Futaleufu, both class V. The other rivers vary between classes III and IV. 

White water kayaking is an exciting, challenging, and sometimes dangerous experience. It is practiced in class III, IV and V rivers, and therefore requires a high level of technical skill as well as physical fitness, stamina, and psychological preparation. For such kayaking, you must be trained by a licensed instructor or in a qualified school. You also need plenty of experience.

River classification according to degree of difficulty.

Class I. Easy. Swift currents with small undulations and waves; few obstructions all of which are visible and easy to avoid having little or no training. Low risk to swimmers and easy self-rescue.

Class II. Beginner. Straight rapids with broad channels and obstacles that are easily recognizable without previous exploration. They require occasional maneuvers but trained paddlers can easily surpass the medium size rocks and waves. There is no danger to swimmers and they rarely require the help of a third party.

Class III. Intermediate. Medium-sized, irregular rapids and waves that can be difficult to avoid and are able to sink an open canoe. Requires complex steering and precise control of the boat to maneuver through narrow passages. Big waves and strainers are easily avoidable. For the inexperienced it is advisable to explore the route before kayaking. It is uncommon for swimmers to get hurt and self-rescue is easy, but it may require the help of the group to avoid a difficult or long swim.

Class IV. Advanced. Powerful, intense but predictable rapids, which require a precise steering of the kayak in turbulent waters. Depending on the river, there may be big waves and unavoidable holes that demand quick maneuvering under pressure. Quick exits into calm waters (eddy turns) are necessary to start maneuvers, to explore the rapids or to rest. A previous tour of the rapids is a must the first time. The risk of injury to swimmers is from medium to high and the water conditions make self-rescue very difficult. Experienced group assistance and developed skill is necessary.

Class V. Expert. Extremely long and violent rapids but without obstacles of above-average risk. Slopes with significant waves and large, unavoidable holes; steep falls with complex and demanding routes. The rapids may extend for long distances between pools, requiring high physical stamina and endurance. Exploration is absolutely necessary but sometimes can be difficult to carry out. Swimming is dangerous and rescue is very difficult, even for experts.

Class VI. Extreme. A degree more difficult than Class V. This class defines extreme difficulty, unpredictability, and danger. One error can lead to very severe consequences and rescue can be virtually impossible. Only experts should attempt these rapids, with the proper water level and taking all the necessary precautions. This class does not have impossible descents, but they are only done occasionally.

Check out our Destinations in Chile section for suggestions on places to go to carry out your adventure.

Keeping in mind that kayaking is an activity that allows you to be in direct contact with nature, it is essential that you follow certain guidelines of environmental conduct.

• Take care of nature.
• Do not throw garbage in rivers or lagoons. Keep it in a secure place where it will not accidentally fall out.

Safety

• Select the class of the river according to your level of skill.
• If you are not familiar with the river, seek advice from a knowledgeable guide or from a reputable agency.
• You must be a good swimmer.
• Always use the proper equipment with all the elements of safety.
• You should take your time and plan your route carefully. You must know the entrances and exits of the river, weather conditions, current river conditions, the location of falls and obstacles, the location and availability of rescue teams, etc.
• Do not kayak alone.
• Do not kayak near dams or outlets.
• Form an emergency plan with what to do and where to go in case of emergency.

• Lonely Planet Chile & Easter Island
• Adventure Handbook Central Chile

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